Upward rotation. Try out our quiz to solidify your knowledge about the glenohumeral joint. The glenoid cavity is a shallow, concave, oval fossa directed anterolaterally and slightly superiorly, that is considerably smaller than the ball (head of the humerus) for which it serves as socket. Reading time: 13 minutes. Solution for Complete the chart by listing the muscles primarily involved in each movement. Internal Rotation. However, its mobility makes the joint relatively unstable. In babies, these fractures can occur during the passage through the birth canal. with wind up and acceleration phases taking approximately 75% of time (1.5 seconds) Those ligaments include the anterior and posterior sternoclavicular ligaments, which reinforce the joint capsule anteriorly and posteriorly; the interclavicular ligament and the costoclavicular ligament. The convex posterior surface of the scapula is unevenly divided by a thick projecting ridge of bone, the spine of the scapula, into a small supraspinous fossa and a much larger infraspinous fossa. The muscles most affected are those closest to the body (proximal muscles), specifically the muscles of the shoulders, upper arms, pelvic area, and thighs. scapula must work in concert with humerus to maintain glenohumeral stability; the entire throwing motion takes approximately 2 seconds. The acromioclavicular joint (AC joint) is a plane type of synovial joint. The SC joint is the only articulation between the upper limb and the axial skeleton, and it can be readily palpated because the sternal end of the clavicle lies superior to the manubrium of the sternum. Pectoral girdle. Your body is comprised of joints, muscles, and structures that connect one bone to the next. and take home exam chapter the shoulder girdle muscle analysis chart the shoulder girdle, page 109 abduction: adduction: pectoralis minor middle fiber The pectoral girdle connects the upper limb to the axial skeleton on the left and right sides of the body. (If hand is fixed) Spiral your upper arm inward trying to expose your armpit to the sides of the room. The beak-like coracoid process is superior to the glenoid cavity and projects anterolaterally. Detailed analysis of movement is a complex activity requiring sophisticated equipment. Usually there are also fractured ribs. Extension. Clavicle fractures are often caused by a direct blow to the shoulder. All rights reserved. Shoulder joint. Learn vocabulary, terms, and more with flashcards, games, and other study tools. The shoulder blade or scapula is a triangular flat bone (figure 4 below) that lies on the posterolateral aspect of the thorax, overlying the 2nd – 6th or 7th ribs. Try our free bone quizzes! The nerve supply include the axillary, suprascapular, and the lateral pectoral nerves. Oh no! All of the bones that make the shoulder girdle will be discussed in this article. This can happen during a fall onto the shoulder or a car collision. Depression. These bones connect the arms on each side, and the girdle actually functions as the anchor that attaches the appendages to the axial skeleton. The shallow constriction between the head and body defines the neck of the scapula. The pushup is one of the oldest upper-body strength-training exercises available. Voted #1 site for Buying Textbooks. It is characterised by progressive muscle wasting which affects predominantly hip and shoulder muscles. Van den Tillaar R, Ettema G (2013). It looks like your browser needs an update. R.M.H McMinn: Last's anatomy (Regional and Applied), 9th edition, Ana-Maria Dulea (2009), p. 53-61. Moore and A.F Dalley: Clinically Oriented Anatomy, 5th edition, (2006), p.729-732, 848-859. The shoulder girdle has muscular attachments to the cervical spine in the form of the axioscapular muscles and carries the trunks of the brachial plexus to the upper limb after their exit from the intervertebral foramen. The medial two thirds of the shaft of clavicle are convex anteriorly, whereas the lateral two third is flattened and concave anteriorly. The proximal portion of the humerus is part of the upper limb and not the shoulder girdle proper; however, because the proximal hu… The SC joint is nourished by the internal thoracic and the suprascapular arteries; and innervated by the branches of the medial suprascapular nerve and the nerve to the subclavius muscle. The AC joint is supplied by the suprascapular and thoracoacromial arteries and is innervated by the suprascapular, lateral pectoral, and axillary nerves. Movements of the Shoulder Girdle. J Strength Cond Res. An example is the extreme weakness of the serratus anterior muscle, illustrated on the bottom of page 336. – As shoulder joint goes through more extreme ranges of motion, scapular muscles contract to move shoulder girdle so that its glenoid fossa will be in a more appropriate position from which the humerus can move – Without the accompanying scapula movement humerus can only be raised into approximately 90 degrees of total shoulder abduction & flexion The concave costal surface (ventral surface) of most of the scapula forms a large subscapular fossa. The superior border is the thinnest and shortest of the three borders. Read more. Limb-girdle muscular dystrophy is a term for a group of diseases that cause weakness and wasting of the muscles in the arms and legs. A pectoral girdle, also referred to as the shoulder girdle… The shoulder girdle and upper extremity have many muscles that are supplied by nerves that are motor-only. Muscle analysis chart. Push-Up Motion Analysis. and grab your free ultimate anatomy study guide! The SC joint is divided into two compartments by an articular disc. wind up (see below); cocking; acceleration; deceleration; follow-through ; Biomechanics. Phase: Fingers: Wrist: Elbow: Shoulder: Shoulder Girdle: Neck: Back: Hip: Knee: Ankle: Toes: 1: L There are several variations of the squat exercise including the bodyweight squat, barbell back squat, barbell front squat, dumbbell squat, sumo squat, sp… An electromyographic analysis of 3 muscles surrounding the shoulder joint during the performance of a chest press exercise at several angles. Some of these structures include the acromioclavicular ligament, the sleevelike loose fibrous capsule of the joint, the nearly horizontal trapezoid ligament, the vertical conoid ligament as well as the coracoclavicular ligament. It forms the following joints: Want to test your knowledge on the shoulder girdle? 2021 Kenhub. The lateral border terminates in the truncated lateral angle of the scapula, the thickest part of the bone that bears the broadened head of the scapula - with the glenoid cavity being its primary feature. Those bursae include the subscapular bursa and the subacromial bursa. Kinesiological Analysis Chart Joint or Muscle. Analysis of Shoulder Girdle Movements. The muscles used in the pull up in the static stability start position include: the middle and lower trapezius, rhomboids, pectoralis major and minor, deltoids, infraspinatus, latissimus dorsi, teres major, subscapularis, biceps brachii, brachialis, brachioradialis, flexor carpi radialis, flexor carpi ulnaris, palmaris longus, flexor digitorum profundus, flexor digitorum superficialis, and flexor pollicis longus, external … Learning anatomy is a massive undertaking, and we're here to help you pass with flying colours. Its medial half is convex anteriorly and its sternal end is enlarged and triangular where it articulates with the manubrium of the sternum at the sternoclavicular joint. Purpose: To develop a knowledge and understanding of movements of the shoulder girdle, the role that the various muscles play in these movements, and shoulder girdle accommodation of fundamental movements of the upper extremity. Adduction. Register now It connects the upper limb to the trunk. Abduction Adduction Elevation Depression Upward rotation Downward… K.L. The five muscles that comprise the function of the shoulder girdle are the trapezius muscle (upper, middle, and lower), levator scapulae muscle, rhomboid muscles (major and minor), serratus anterior muscle, and pectoralis minor muscle. Our engaging videos, interactive quizzes, in-depth articles and HD atlas are here to get you top results faster. The glenohumeral joint is supported by its loose fibrous joint capsule and the following ligaments: transverse humeral ligament, coracoacromial ligament and glenohumeral ligament. Summary In a study sponsored by the ACE or American Council on Exercise, researchers concluded that tricep dips were one of the most effective exercises for your triceps, because it was a functional movement that worked not only your triceps but several other muscles of your The inferior surface of the clavicle is rough and attaches to the 1st rib near its sternal end and suspends the scapula from its acromial end. It is commonly used to increase upper-body strength, as well as assess improvements in strength. The squat is one of the most debated exercises in the fitness and sports community, but it is hard to argue its effectiveness. Read more. • As highlighted in the introduction, the true joints or anatomical joints of the shoulder girdle are the sternoclavicular joint, acromioclavicular joint and the glenohumeral (shoulder) joint. The SC joint is made stable and strengthened by the several shoulder muscles, the joint capsule and ligaments. The clavicle is a long bone and fractures usually occur in the middle of it. The glenohumeral joint is supplied by the anterior and posterior circumflex humeral arteries as well as branches of the suprascapular artery. 6,7 Shoulder girdle resting position is highly variable, depending on postural habits, hand dominance, occupation, muscle tone, and age. shoulder girdle aductors, depressors and downward rotators. Onome Okpe Shoulder girdle : want to learn more about it? • Baseball pitch skill analysis – Stance phase begins when player assumes a position with ball in glove before receiving signal from catcher – Pitcher begins preparatory phase by extending throwing arm posteriorly & rotating trunk to the right in conjunction with left hip flexion – Right shoulder girdle … The resting position of the shoulder girdle also depends on thoracic spine alignment and muscular linkages from the thoracic and cervical spine to the shoulder's bony components. Last reviewed: October 29, 2020 There are some variations of the … In general, the muscles used for bench press are the pecs, shoulders, and triceps. The broad bony surfaces of the three fossae provide attachments for fleshy muscles. Glenohumeral joint (cadaver dissection) - Prof. Carlos Suárez-Quian. The shoulder girdle is formed by two pairs of bones, the scapulae and the clavicles. Perform an anatomical analysis of the elbow, forearm, wrist, and hand in a motor skill. Trebs AA, Brandenburg JP, Pitney WA (2010). The disc is firmly attached to the anterior and posterior sternoclavicular ligaments, thickenings of the fibrous layer of the joint capsule, as well as the interclavicular ligament. The muscles used for bench press will change based on the angle of the bench (flat, decline, incline), grip on the bar (narrow or wide), and range of motion trained (bottom-end or top-end).. With no sensory innervation, the result can be a loss of function without symptoms of pain. Helps prevent depression of the shoulder girdle when a weight is carried on the shoulder or hand. To ensure the best experience, please update your browser. The glenohumeral joint or shoulder joint is a ball and socket type of synovial joint that permits a wide range of movements including flexion, extension, abduction, adduction, rotation (medial and lateral rotation), and circumduction. Abduction. The AC joint is strengthened by several structures which also ensures its stability. Note that the clavicle & scapula makes up the shoulder girdle, while the left & right pelvic bones (hip bones) as well as the sacrum and coccyx form the pelvic girdle. n Identify muscles that move the scapula q abduction q adduction q elevation q depression q upward rotation Most fractures involve the protruding subcutaneous acromion. Phases of Throwing: There are 5 main phases of throwing . Other surface markings of the clavicle include the trapezoid line, which gives the trapezoid ligament attachment, the subclavian groove in the medial third of the shaft, which is a site of attachment of the subclavius muscle. movement description: pushing phase to up position, push up secondary movement (lowering) phase, movement description: lowering phase to starting position, chin up secondary movement (lowering) phase, movement description: return or lowering phase, lat pull initial movement (lifting) phase, movement description: pull down to below chin position, lat pull secondary movement (lowering) phase, movement description: return phase to starting position, movement description: lowering to start position, bench press initial movement (lifting) phase, movement description: lifting phase to upward position, bench press secondary movement (lowering) phase, overhead press initial movement (lifting) phase, overhead press secondary movement (lowering) phase, prone row initial movement (lifting) phase, prone row secondary movement (lowering) phase, barbell shrugs initial movement (lifting) phase, barbell shrugs secondary movement (lowering) phase. Horizontal adduction. Middle fibres: retract (adduct scapula). The shoulder girdle is also called the pectoral girdle, and it is a bone ring, incomplete posteriorly. The conoid tubercle, near the acromial end of the clavicle, gives attachment to the conoid ligament, the medial part of the coracoclavicular ligament by which the remainder of the upper limb is passively suspended from the clavicle. The spine continues laterally as the flat expanded acromion, which forms the subcutaneous point of the shoulder and articulates with the acromial end of the clavicle. Shoulder girdle Complete the chart by listing the muscles primarily involved in each movement Abduction Adduction Elevation Depression Upward rotation Downward rotation 2. The triangular body of the scapula is thin and translucent superior and inferior to the spine of the scapula; however its borders, especially the lateral border, are somewhat thicker. There is ample evidence describing its use for improving lower body muscular endurance, strength and power (Clark, Lambert & Hunter, 2012; Folland & Williams, 2007; Marques et al., 2015; Soriano, Jiménez-Reyes, Rhea, & Marín, 2015). More medially is the impression for the costoclavicular ligament, a tough, often depressed oval area that gives attachment to the ligament binding the 1st rib to the clavicle, limiting elevation of the shoulder. Movement of the Humerus. Latitia Kench Those bones are part of the appendicular skeleton - consisting bones of the limbs (upper and lower) and most of the bones forming the girdles (pectoral and pelvic). Shoulder girdle sport skill analysis chart Analyze each skill in the chart and list the movements of the right and left shoulder girdle in each phase of the skill. These are the muscles that contribute to pressing the bar in the vertical plane of motion. Check out our articles, video tutorials, quizzes, and labeled diagrams. This scapulothoracic joint is highly mobile and allows great movements of the pectoral girdle. The lat pulldown (short for latissimus dorsi pulldown) is one of the most popular exercises used to strengthen the muscles of the back. The movements available for the pectoral girdle or the scapula in particular includes: Want to learn more about the types of body movements? The scapulae are widely separated in the back. Equipment: Textbook. The scapula has medial, lateral and superior borders and superior, lateral and inferior angles. The clavicle or collar bone is an S-shaped long bone lying superficial and is palpable along its entire length (figure 3). Movement Analysis . The shoulder girdle is formed by two bonesthe clavicle and scapula. Limb–girdle muscular dystrophy or (LGMD) is a genetically and clinically heterogeneous group of rare muscular dystrophies. Nerves, vessels and lymphatics of the pelvis. ch. Shoulder girdle and shoulder joint. After each movement, list the shoulder girdle muscle (s) primarily responsible for Kim Bengochea, Regis University, Denver, Author: 24(7):1925-30. Flexion. – Complete the muscle analysis chart by listing the muscles primarily involved in each movement. Thus, although the articular disc serves as a shock absorber of forces transmitted along the clavicle from the upper limb, dislocation of the clavicle is rare, whereas fracture of the clavicle is common. Introduction to the musculoskeletal system, Nerves, vessels and lymphatics of the abdomen. Other clinical conditions of the pectoral girdle include: Grounded on academic literature and research, validated by experts, and trusted by more than 1 million users. Muscles that position the pectoral girdle are located either on the anterior thorax or on the posterior thorax (Figure 7.26). The internal surface of the joint capsule is well lined by synovial membrane and the joint is also rich in bursae (sac-like cavities) which contain capillary films of synovial fluid secreted by the synovial membrane. Additional symptoms include: Fracture of the scapula is usually the result of severe trauma, as occurs in pedestrian – vehicle accidents. Upper fibres: pull the shoulder girdle up (elevation). 6/8/2004: Muscle Analysis Chart. Connecting the upper limbs to the axial skeleton, Scapulae, clavicles, manubrium of the sternum, Fractures, dislocations of the joints, glenoid labrum tears, adhesive capsulitis of the glenohumeral joint, Inability to lift the arm because of pain, A grinding sensation if an attempt is made to raise the arm, Bruising, swelling, and/or tenderness over the collarbone, Dislocation of the acromioclavicular joint, Adhesive capsulitis of the glenohumeral joint. The muscles of the shoulder girdle are serratus anterior, pectoralis minor, levator scapulae, rhomboids, and trapezius. These curvatures increase the resilience of the clavicle and give it the appearance of an elongated capital S. The superior surface of the clavicle, lying just deep to the skin and platysma muscle in the subcutaneous tissue, is smooth. While there are fewer studies investigating the lat pulldown compared to more popular exercises such as the squat or bench press, there is ample evidence describing its effectiveness for targeting many muscles of the back and arms (Lusk et al., 2010; Synder & Leech, 2009; Sperandei et al., 2009; Signorile, Zink, & Szwed, 2002). “I would honestly say that Kenhub cut my study time in half.” Copyright © Although the alignment of these two bones is considered a girdle, it is incomplete in front and in back. LGMD has an autosomal pattern of … The girdle is completed in front by the sternum, which articulates with the medial end of the clavicle. A fall onto an outstretched arm can also cause a clavicle fracture. Downward rotation. A comparison of muscle activity in concentric and counter movement maximum bench press. When the scapula is in the anatomical position, the lateral border runs superolaterally toward the apex of the axilla; hence it is also called the axillary border. Rent or Buy Muscles: Testing and Function, with Posture and Pain; Includes a Bonus Primal Anatomy CD-ROM - 9780781747806 by Kendall, Florence P. for as low as $36.89 at eCampus.com. With your arm extended, rotate your thumb toward the floor. The superior border of the scapula is marked near the junction of its medial two-thirds and lateral third by the suprascapular notch, which is located where the superior border joins the base of the coracoid process. Occasionally, the bone will break where it attaches at the ribcage (SC joint) or shoulder blade (AC joint). Clavicle fractures can be very painful and may cause difficulty in moving the arm. The pectoral girdle and bones of the free part of the upper limb form the superior appendicular skeleton, while the pelvic girdle and bones of the free part of the lower limb form the inferior appendicular skeleton. The pectoral girdle is very mobile. Antagonistic muscle action chart. The shoulder girdle is formed by two sets of bones: the scapulae, posteriorly, the clavicles anteriorly and completed anteriorly by the manubrium of the sternum (part of the axial skeleton). Reviewer: Superolaterally, the lateral surface of the scapula has a glenoid cavity (Greek word meaning “Socket”), which receives and articulates with the head of the humerus at the glenohumeral joint. Procedures to be completed prior to the lab session: 1. Shoulder girdle. The function of these bones is to connect the upper limb to the trunk. Although the SC joint is extremely strong, it is significantly mobile allowing anterior and posterior movements of the shoulder girdle, elevation and depression as well as a special form of circumduction which is performed by moving the acromial end along a circular path. However, the following movements of the girdle are mainly permitted by the physiological joint between the pectoral girdle and the rib cage, the scapulothoracic joint.

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